1. Obesity

Obesity is one of the most common health issues in dogs. It can lead to heart disease, diabetes, joint issues, and reduced mobility. Prevent it with portion control, regular exercise, and limited treats.

• Measure meals with a cup or scale; avoid free-feeding kibble.
• Swap some treats for veggie snacks (green beans, carrots) if approved by your vet.
• Add short, frequent walks to build stamina without overloading joints.

2. Dental Disease

Poor dental health can lead to gum disease, tooth decay, and infections. Brush your dog's teeth regularly, provide dental chews, and schedule professional dental checkups.

Use dog-safe toothpaste, introduce brushing slowly, and aim for a daily routine. Schedule a vet dental exam yearly to catch tartar and gum changes early.

3. Ear Infections

Breeds with floppy ears are prone to infections due to moisture and bacteria buildup. Clean your dog's ears regularly, keep them dry, and watch for symptoms like scratching or redness.

After baths or swims, dry ears gently with cotton pads (never Q-tips deep in the canal). If you smell odor or see discharge, visit your vet before cleaning further.

4. Parasites (Fleas, Ticks, and Worms)

Parasites can cause discomfort and serious health issues. Use flea and tick preventatives, deworm your dog regularly, and keep their environment clean.

Check your dog’s coat and between toes after hikes, and wash bedding weekly in hot water. Keep preventatives up to date, especially in warm months.

5. Arthritis and Joint Problems

Common in aging dogs, arthritis causes joint pain and stiffness. Maintain a healthy weight, provide low-impact exercise, and consider joint supplements like glucosamine and chondroitin.

• Use ramps or stairs for cars and beds to reduce jumping impact.
• Try short, frequent leash walks or swimming for low-impact exercise.
• Ask your vet about omega-3s and joint supplements tailored to your dog.

6. Skin Allergies

Skin allergies can cause itching and irritation. Prevent them with regular grooming, flea prevention, and hypoallergenic diets if needed.

Wipe paws after outdoor time to remove pollen, and use vet-recommended shampoo to protect the skin barrier. Track flare-ups in a log to identify seasonal triggers.

7. Diabetes

Often caused by obesity, diabetes leads to symptoms like excessive thirst and weight loss. Prevent it with a balanced diet, regular exercise, and weight management.

If your dog drinks or urinates more than usual, see your vet promptly. Consistent feeding times and measured portions are key to blood sugar stability.

8. Heart Disease

Common in older dogs, heart disease causes coughing, difficulty breathing, and lethargy. Maintain a healthy weight, exercise regularly, and schedule vet checkups for early detection.

Listen for nighttime coughing or reduced stamina on walks. Regular vet auscultation can catch murmurs early; follow recommended cardiac diets or meds if prescribed.

9. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

UTIs can cause frequent urination and discomfort. Keep your dog hydrated, take them out for regular bathroom breaks, and watch for symptoms like accidents or straining.

Offer fresh water in multiple spots and give more outdoor breaks during hot weather. If you see blood or straining, seek veterinary care right away.

10. Cancer

Cancer is a leading cause of death in dogs, especially with age. Early detection through vet checkups, a healthy lifestyle, and spaying/neutering can help reduce risk.

Do a monthly nose-to-tail check for new lumps, skin changes, or unexplained weight loss, and report any findings to your veterinarian promptly.